lextoindia
24.11.2011, 14:57
I have compiled a comprehensive list of travel health advisories for Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afganistan, Pakistan and India from www.cdc.gov. I believe this list to be complete and accurate as of this date. CDC advises you to seek the advice of a doctor who specializes in travel medicine. Did I miss anything?
Malaria: be above 2,000 m, use insect repellent and wear loose long pants, sleeves and hats to prevent mosquito bites, sleep in air-conditioned or well-screened rooms, flying-insect spray containing a pyrethroid insecticide to help clear rooms of mosquitoes, bed nets treated with permethrin or deltamethrin, a prescription antimalarial drug: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Continue taking your antimalarial drug for 4 weeks (doxycycline or mefloquine) or seven days (atovaquone/proguanil) after leaving the risk area. Chloroquine is NOT an effective antimalarial drug in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, India.
Routine Vaccination: if you are not up-to-date with routine shots, such as measles/mumps/rubella (MMR) vaccine, diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus (DPT) vaccine, poliovirus vaccine, etc.
Hepatitis A or immune globulin (IG) vaccination: Recommended for all unvaccinated travelers. Cases of travel-related hepatitis A can also occur in travelers to developing countries with "standard" tourist itineraries, accommodations, and food consumption behaviors.
Hepatitis B vaccination: Recommended for all unvaccinated travelers, especially those who might be exposed to blood or body fluids, have sexual contact with the local population, or be exposed through medical treatment (e.g., for an accident).
Typhoid vaccination: Recommended for all unvaccinated travelers in South Asia, especially if staying with friends or relatives or visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where exposure might occur through food or water.
Polio vaccination : Recommended for adult travelers who have received a primary series with either inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) or oral polio vaccine (OPV). They should receive another dose of IPV before departure. For adults, available data do not indicate the need for more than a single lifetime booster dose with IPV.
Japanese encephalitis: Recommended if you plan to visit rural farming areas and under special circumstances, such as a known outbreak of Japanese encephalitis.
Rabies: Recommended for travelers spending a lot of time outdoors, especially in rural areas, involved in activities such as bicycling, camping, or hiking. Also recommended for travelers with significant occupational risks (such as veterinarians), for long-term travelers and expatriates living in areas with a significant risk of exposure, and for travelers involved in any activities that might bring them into direct contact with bats, carnivores, and other mammals. Children are considered at higher risk because they tend to play with animals, may receive more severe bites, or may not report bites.
Diarrhea: over-the-counter Medicine
Local Water: Iodine tablets and portable water filters ("NSF trademark plus the words "cyst reduction" or "cyst removal" or "absolute 1 micron" or reverse osmossis filter), or boiling.
Sun burn and blindness: +15 SPF Sunblock and sunglasses for protection from harmful effects of UV sun rays
Altitude Illness: ascend slowly and descend if symptoms occur. Untreated altitude illness can be fatal.
- Ascend gradually, if possible. Try not to go directly from low altitude to more than 9,000 ft (2,750 m) sleeping altitude in 1 day. Once above 9,000 ft (2,750 m), move sleeping altitude no higher than 1,600 ft (500 m) per day, and plan an extra day for acclimatization every 3,300 ft (1,000 m).
- Consider using acetazolamide to speed acclimatization, if abrupt ascent is unavoidable.
- Avoid alcohol for the first 48 hours.
- Participate in only mild exercise for the first 48 hours.
- Having a high-altitude exposure at more than 9,000 ft (2,750 m) for 2 nights or more, within 30 days before the trip, is useful.
fungal and parasitic infections foot infections: keep feet clean and dry, and do not go barefoot, especially on beaches where animals may have defecated
Tickborne encephalitis (TBE): widespread, occurring in warmer months in the southern part of the nontropical forested regions of Europe and Asia. We are going in winter.
Tuberculosis: High rates of drug-resistant TB are found in Estonia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, parts of Russia, and Uzbekistan.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1: avoid birds and bird feces, eat only poultry meat or products that have been thoroughly cooked
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/list.htm
Malaria: be above 2,000 m, use insect repellent and wear loose long pants, sleeves and hats to prevent mosquito bites, sleep in air-conditioned or well-screened rooms, flying-insect spray containing a pyrethroid insecticide to help clear rooms of mosquitoes, bed nets treated with permethrin or deltamethrin, a prescription antimalarial drug: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Continue taking your antimalarial drug for 4 weeks (doxycycline or mefloquine) or seven days (atovaquone/proguanil) after leaving the risk area. Chloroquine is NOT an effective antimalarial drug in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, India.
Routine Vaccination: if you are not up-to-date with routine shots, such as measles/mumps/rubella (MMR) vaccine, diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus (DPT) vaccine, poliovirus vaccine, etc.
Hepatitis A or immune globulin (IG) vaccination: Recommended for all unvaccinated travelers. Cases of travel-related hepatitis A can also occur in travelers to developing countries with "standard" tourist itineraries, accommodations, and food consumption behaviors.
Hepatitis B vaccination: Recommended for all unvaccinated travelers, especially those who might be exposed to blood or body fluids, have sexual contact with the local population, or be exposed through medical treatment (e.g., for an accident).
Typhoid vaccination: Recommended for all unvaccinated travelers in South Asia, especially if staying with friends or relatives or visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where exposure might occur through food or water.
Polio vaccination : Recommended for adult travelers who have received a primary series with either inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) or oral polio vaccine (OPV). They should receive another dose of IPV before departure. For adults, available data do not indicate the need for more than a single lifetime booster dose with IPV.
Japanese encephalitis: Recommended if you plan to visit rural farming areas and under special circumstances, such as a known outbreak of Japanese encephalitis.
Rabies: Recommended for travelers spending a lot of time outdoors, especially in rural areas, involved in activities such as bicycling, camping, or hiking. Also recommended for travelers with significant occupational risks (such as veterinarians), for long-term travelers and expatriates living in areas with a significant risk of exposure, and for travelers involved in any activities that might bring them into direct contact with bats, carnivores, and other mammals. Children are considered at higher risk because they tend to play with animals, may receive more severe bites, or may not report bites.
Diarrhea: over-the-counter Medicine
Local Water: Iodine tablets and portable water filters ("NSF trademark plus the words "cyst reduction" or "cyst removal" or "absolute 1 micron" or reverse osmossis filter), or boiling.
Sun burn and blindness: +15 SPF Sunblock and sunglasses for protection from harmful effects of UV sun rays
Altitude Illness: ascend slowly and descend if symptoms occur. Untreated altitude illness can be fatal.
- Ascend gradually, if possible. Try not to go directly from low altitude to more than 9,000 ft (2,750 m) sleeping altitude in 1 day. Once above 9,000 ft (2,750 m), move sleeping altitude no higher than 1,600 ft (500 m) per day, and plan an extra day for acclimatization every 3,300 ft (1,000 m).
- Consider using acetazolamide to speed acclimatization, if abrupt ascent is unavoidable.
- Avoid alcohol for the first 48 hours.
- Participate in only mild exercise for the first 48 hours.
- Having a high-altitude exposure at more than 9,000 ft (2,750 m) for 2 nights or more, within 30 days before the trip, is useful.
fungal and parasitic infections foot infections: keep feet clean and dry, and do not go barefoot, especially on beaches where animals may have defecated
Tickborne encephalitis (TBE): widespread, occurring in warmer months in the southern part of the nontropical forested regions of Europe and Asia. We are going in winter.
Tuberculosis: High rates of drug-resistant TB are found in Estonia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, parts of Russia, and Uzbekistan.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1: avoid birds and bird feces, eat only poultry meat or products that have been thoroughly cooked
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/list.htm